Time and timeliness is a general concern of rhetoric:

• kairos
  The opportune occasion for speech, including timing.
  
• branches of oratory
  According to Aristotle Greek oratory was categorized according to three specific kinds of occasions, each of which he associated with a given time (past, present, future).
• Progymnasmata: description, encomium, vituperation.
  For each of these basic rhetorical exercises a given time or season was suggested as possible subject matter to be described, praised, or blamed.

In addition, many specific figures address time:

• chronographia
  the vivid depiction of a given time
• hysteron proteron
  disorder of time
• peristasis
  an amplification including circumstantial details such as time
• prolepsis
  anticipating a future argument or event
• enallage
  Of many possible grammatical substitutions, one may alter the tense of a given construction.
• ampliatio
  Using the name of something or someone before it has obtained that name or after the reason for that name has ceased.