schemata lexeos
figurae dictionis

Many rhetoricians have divided rhetorical figures into those of speech and those of thought (see chart). Figures of speech pertain to verbal expression; figures of thought, to ideas. (The latter category overlaps generally, therefore with invention and its topics).

Typically, this distinction proves difficult to maintain. The figures of thought overlap considerably with the topics of invention, and at times differ from figures of speech only in degree. Consequently, some authorities create a third category of terms consisting of those that overlap between figures of diction and of thought, and typically call these figures of amplification (see Melanchthon 1523 b6r-b7v; c8v-d1r.; Susenbrotus 2.2.3).

• Ad Herennium list of Figures of Diction
• Ad Herennium list of Figures of Thought
• copia
  This concept embraces this same basic division by discussing the rhetorical amplification of expression (copia verborum) and that of ideas (copia rerum).