| Lee A. Sonnino — Groupings of Figures |
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The following groupings are provided by Lee A. Sonnino in A Handbook to Sixteenth-Century Rhetoric (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968): 247-66. They have been cross-linked to the silva rhetorica where definitions and examples can be found.
Figures of addition—digression etc.
- acervatio
- adinventio
- adjudicatio
- aenos
- attemperatio
- circumductio
- circumlocutio
- collectio
- digressio
- disjunctio
- improvisum
- interjectio
- interpretatio
- peristasis
- prohibitio
- prosodiasaphesis
- reditus ad propositum
- sententia
- transitio
Figures of admission and concession
- adynaton
- concessio
- confessio
- deprecatio
- gratiarum actio
- medela
- necessitas
- permissio
- purgatio
- tolerantia
Figures which amplify the importance of the subject of discourse
- amplificatio
- dementiens
- dirimens copulatio
- expolitio
- laudatio
- peristasis
Figures of appeal to the audience (by threat or promise or entreaty)
- adhortatio
- admonitio
- benevolentia
- compensatio
- comprobatio
- deprecatio
- excitatio
- obsecratio
- ominatio
- perclusio
- promissio
- querimonia
- reticentia
- testamentum
Figures for beginning
- dinumeratio
- partitio
- praeparatio
- propositio
Figures of comparison and similitude
- antapodosis
- attributio
- castigatio
- collatio
- comparatio
- comparatio
- dissimilitudo
- distinctio
- emblem
- imago
- parabola
- praeexpositio
- similitudo
- translatio
Figures of contrast
- commutatio
- comparatio
- contentio
- contrapositum
- contrarium
- definitio
- dissimilitudo
- distinctio
- regressio
- restrictio
Figures of description
- astrothesia
- conformatio
- definitio
- demonstratio
- descriptio
- effictio
- locus
- notatio
- praescriptio
- sermocinatio
- tempus
- topothesia
- tractatio
Figures which directly address someone
- aversio
- benedictio
- communicatio
- gratiarum actio
- increpatio
- interrogatio
- obsecratio
- percontatio
- reticentia
Figures which distort the truth (see also figures which exaggerate)
- apoplanesis
- boni ominis captatio
- charientismos
- conciliatio
- dementiens
- error
- extenuatio
- irrisio
Figures involving doubt or hesitation
- correctio
- dubitatio
- inopinatum
- reprehensio
Figures which lead to a certain emotion
- consolatio
- exclusio
- exuscitatio
- imaginatio
- lamentatio
- laudatio
- optatio
- provocatio
- querimonia
- tolerantia
Figures for emphasizing different points
- aenos
- asseveratio
- attributio
- certitudo
- commoratio
- constantia
- copulatio
- emphasis
- expeditio
- experientia
- inopinatum
- judicatio
- jusurandum
- ominatio
- prohibitio
- quaestium
- redditio
- sententia
- testatio
Figures for ending
- acclamatio
- conclusio
- contrarium
- frequentatio
- iteratio
- judicatio
- perclusio
- percursio
- permissio
- praecisio
- synchoresis
Figures which exaggerate or diminish
Figures of exclamation
- abominatio
- acclamatio
- admiratio
- exclamatio
- optatio
- paenismos
Figures which heap things up
Figures which imitate
- imitatio
- parodia
- sermocinatio
Figures of implication
- collectio
- emphasis
- enigma
- intimitatio
- invitio
- litotes
- negando
- scurra
- subintellectio
- urbanitas
Figures which list things (enumeration or summation)
- acclamatio
- dinumeratio
- distributio
- enumeratio
- expeditio
- incrementum
- ordo
- partitio
- percursio
- praescriptio
Figures which depend upon logical forms
- collectio
- contrarium
- dissimilitudo
- divisio
- praeexpositio
- ratiocinatio
Figures which involve memorable phrases or deeds
- dictu commoratio
- exemplum
- experientia
- proverbium
- sententia
Figures which are narratives
- aenos
- exemplum
- fabella
- fabula
- flexus
- parabola
- paradiegesis
- recordatio
- testatio
Figures of omission, including refusals to speak
- adjunctio
- anapodoton
- apoplanesis
- brachiepeia
- conceptio
- defectio
- detractio
- dissolutio
- invitio
- negatio
- occupatio
- permissio
- praecisio
- transmissio
Figures of personal abuse or accusation
- abominatio
- accusatio
- castigatio
- elevatio
- execratio
- exprobatio
- insultatio
- inter se pugnantia
- irrisio
- rejectio
Figures which involve a play on words
- allusio
- ambiguitas
- antanaclasis
- commutatio
- interpretatio
- iteratio
- refractio
- scurra
- submutatio
- traductio
Figures of premeditation
- adinventio
- ante occupatio
- antirresis
- praeexpositio
- praeparatio
- praesumptio
- transmissio
Figures which ask questions
- interrogatio
- percontatio
- quaestium
- rogatio
Figures by which the speaker recommends himself to the hearer—by praise, thanks, etc.
- bendictio
- comprobatio
- gratiarum actio
- ignocentia
- libera vox
- medela
- necessitas
- obsecratio
- promissio
- purgatio
Figures of repetition
- adnominatio
- alliteratio
- commutatio
- complexio
- conversio
- copulatio
- enumeratio
- frequentatio
- heratio
- iteratio
- nugatio
- perseverantia
- reduplicatio
- refractio
- regressio
- regressio
- repetitio
- resumptio
- subjunctio
- traductio
Tropes
- abusio
- charientismos
- conformatio
- dementiens
- dissimulatio
- enigma
- fabella
- fabula
- illusio
- inversio
- irrisio
- negando
- negatio
- nominatio
- pronominatio
- proverbium
- subintellectio
- translatio
- transmutatio
- transumptio
- urbanitas
Figures which cause variations in style
- brachiepeia
- extenuatio
- familiaritas
- libera vox
Figures which vary the normal syntax
- acervatio
- adjunctio
- aequipollentia
- appositum
- articulus
- chiasmos
- compar
- compositio
- comprehensio
- conceptio
- confusio
- constructio
- disjunctio
- dissolutio
- endiadis
- incisum
- membrum
- metabole
- praeposteratio
- reversio
- scesisonomaton
- series
- similiter cadens
- similiter desinens
- transgressio
Vices and faults
- anoiconometon
- barbarismos
- bomphilogia
- cacophonia
- cacosyntheton
- cumulatio
- humiliatio
- hysterologia
- importunitas
- improprietas
- nugatio
- periergia
- redundantia
- scurra
- solecismos
- turpiloquum
Figures which alter the form or grammatical status of a word
- adnominatio
- alloeosis
- allotheta
- dissectio
- eteroeosis
- inversio
- metaplasmos
- parelcon
- permutatio
- traductio
